Introduction
Acoustic neuroma, also called a Vestibular Schwannoma, is a rare and noncancerous tumour that developed in the eighth cranial nerve, responsible for carrying sound and balance information from the inner ear to the brain. Even though these tumours are mostly benign, their proximity to vital brain regions can nonetheless result in a variety of unpleasant symptoms. In this article, we will explore the world of acoustic neuromas, exploring their symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options.
Causes
The inability of a “governor” gene to control the growth of Schwann cells, which are those in charge of coating nerve fibres with insulation, is the primary biological cause of most acoustic neuromas. These cells proliferate in an uncontrolled manner resulting in the neuroma.
Symptoms
Depending on their size and location, acoustic neuromas can present with a variety of signs and symptoms. It’s crucial to remember that some people with tiny tumours might not exhibit any symptoms at all. On the other hand, as the tumour enlarges, it may put pressure on the nearby structures, which can cause a variety of neurological and auditory symptoms. Acoustic neuroma symptoms frequently include:
Hearing Loss: The most common initial symptom is frequently a progressive, unilateral hearing loss that may also be accompanied by tinnitus (ear ringing).
Dizziness and unsteadiness: Acoustic neuromas can damage the brain’s balance and coordination centres, causing unrelenting dizziness and imbalance.
Facial Weakness: The facial nerve may become compressed when a tumour grows, resulting in weakness or paralysis on one side of the face.
Headaches: Some people may have ongoing headaches, especially if the tumour increases pressure inside the skull.
Vomiting and Nausea: In some circumstances, balance issues and dizziness can cause nausea and vomiting.
Swallowing Difficulties: Larger tumours may compress nearby swallowing nerves, causing difficulties with swallowing and even choking.
Visual Disturbances: Extremely big tumours that push on the optic nerve can cause vision issues.
Diagnosis
An acoustic neuroma is normally diagnosed using a combination of specialized tests, physical examination, and medical history. Here are a few typical diagnostic methods:
Hearing tests: Audiometry is used to evaluate hearing loss and establish the severity of ear injury.
MRI: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is possible to see the tumor’s size, location, and distance from important brain structures.
Vestibular testing: Tests for balance and coordination known as videonystagmography (VNG) or electronystagmography (ENG) can assist in uncovering balance problems.
BAEP: Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP) tests can be used to determine how the tumor is affecting the auditory nerve by measuring how the brain reacts to auditory stimulation.
Treatment
The size, location, and general health of the patient are among the variables that affect how an acoustic neuroma is managed. Options for treatment include:
Observation (Watch and Wait): Doctors may advise routine monitoring with MRI scans to assess tumor progression in cases of tiny, slowly growing tumors or when surgery carries major risks. This method is frequently used for elderly people or people with underlying medical conditions.
Surgery: The goal of surgical excision of the tumor, also known as microsurgery or translabyrinthine surgery, is to remove the tumor completely while maintaining the function of the facial nerve and hearing. The size and location of the tumor determine the surgical strategy to be used.
Radiation therapy: To reduce or control the tumor’s growth, stereotactic radiosurgery techniques like gamma knife or cyberknife give precisely focused radiation. Patients who are not ideal surgical candidates or who prefer a non-invasive method might consider this alternative.
Hearing Restoration: Following tumor removal surgery, the hearing may occasionally be partially recovered through methods like cochlear implantation.
Conclusion
The complex medical issue known as an acoustic neuroma requires in-depth analysis and specialized treatment regimens. For effective therapy, early detection and diagnosis are essential. Patients should seek quick medical assistance if they have any of the aforementioned symptoms, especially unilateral hearing loss or persistent dizziness. Acoustic neuroma patients have improved results thanks to developments in medical science and surgical methods, raising hopes for a higher standard of living for those who suffer from this ailment.